ABSTRACT
Energy market liberalisation, concerns about environmental pollution and climate change, and the dependence on fossil fuel imports render the adoption and of distributed generation technologies a field of research increasingly recognised as important. This paper contains a brief overview of both
commercially available and close-to-market distributed co-generation (CHP) technologies and fields of application. It also provides a thorough investigation on the adoption and diffusion of engine-based CHP systems in the German market since 1960. The empirical analysis is mainly based on a detailed data set of nearly 5,000 such systems installed in Germany until 1998. It makes use of descriptive data analysis, net present value calculations, and micro-econometric (hazard rate) modelling. We further assess market diffusion from 1998 until today and future diffusion prospects, and discuss impacts on the development that stem from liberalisation-driven energy market transformation processes. The results show that economic considerations alone do not suffice to explain the adoption decisions taken by investors, and also present some new insights with regard to the use of hazard rate models in the context of energy conversion technology adoption.
CONTINUANCE
Saturday, June 12, 2010
Understanding the adoption of new technology in the forest products industry
Abstract
In anticipating future rates of adoption of new technology in forest products, several uniquely important factors come into play. In this respect, the role of innovations imported from other industries, the effect of raw material shortages, the importance of economic factors in adoption
of innovations, and the problems presented by the heterogeneity of wood raw material and finished products are discussed. The nature of the adoption process and reasons for long lags between innovation and adoption are also addressed. Certain observations carry. implications for how research and information gathering should be conducted and what priorities should be accorded activities related to technology development and research in forest products.
CONTINUANCE
In anticipating future rates of adoption of new technology in forest products, several uniquely important factors come into play. In this respect, the role of innovations imported from other industries, the effect of raw material shortages, the importance of economic factors in adoption
of innovations, and the problems presented by the heterogeneity of wood raw material and finished products are discussed. The nature of the adoption process and reasons for long lags between innovation and adoption are also addressed. Certain observations carry. implications for how research and information gathering should be conducted and what priorities should be accorded activities related to technology development and research in forest products.
CONTINUANCE
Transfer of Technology to Developing
Abstract:
This paper analyzes national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, direct foreign investment and intranational and international movement of people. A typology of country ‘types’ and appropriate policy rules of thumb is developed as a guide to both national policymakers and rule making in the WTO. We argue that policies should differentiate between countries. The policy recommendations made illustrate the more general need for such differentiation in the application of special and differential treatment of developing countries in the WTO.
CONTINUANCE
This paper analyzes national and international policy options to encourage the international transfer of technology, distinguishing between four major channels of such transfer: trade in products, trade in knowledge, direct foreign investment and intranational and international movement of people. A typology of country ‘types’ and appropriate policy rules of thumb is developed as a guide to both national policymakers and rule making in the WTO. We argue that policies should differentiate between countries. The policy recommendations made illustrate the more general need for such differentiation in the application of special and differential treatment of developing countries in the WTO.
CONTINUANCE
Technology Transfer Trends
After the birth of the WTO in 1995, developing economies have had easier access to foreign technologies. The thrust has been towards development and transfer of technologies in new and emerging areas such as bio-technology, new materials, and drugs and pharmaceuticals. This article examines the emerging technological needs and technology transfer policies and practices in developing countries of the Asia-Pacific, with special reference to India. It also briefly discusses trends in technology-intensive exports over a period of eight years (1994-2002).
Introduction
The objectives and modes of technology transfer have undergone significant changes over the years, particularly alter the birth of the WTO in 1995, depending on the stages of development of various countries. The Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong were among the earlier countries that started opening up their economies and adopted market-driven policies. Later, China, Malaysia and others followed suit. In 1990 India announced its liberalized, new industrial policy and other policy measures,including the Foreign Direct investment (FDI) policy, which broadly aimed at enhancing international competitiveness and exports, and perceived FDI as an additional source of investment.
CONTINUANCE
Introduction
The objectives and modes of technology transfer have undergone significant changes over the years, particularly alter the birth of the WTO in 1995, depending on the stages of development of various countries. The Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong were among the earlier countries that started opening up their economies and adopted market-driven policies. Later, China, Malaysia and others followed suit. In 1990 India announced its liberalized, new industrial policy and other policy measures,including the Foreign Direct investment (FDI) policy, which broadly aimed at enhancing international competitiveness and exports, and perceived FDI as an additional source of investment.
CONTINUANCE
IT adoption of clinical information systems
Abstract
Background: IT adoption is a process that is influenced by different external and internal factors. This study aimed
1. to identify similarities and differences in the prevalence of medical and nursing IT systems in Austrian and German hospitals, and
2. to match these findings with characteristics of the two countries, in particular their healthcare system, and with features of the hospitals.
Methods: In 2007, all acute care hospitals in both countries received questionnaires with identical questions. 12.4% in Germany and 34.6% in Austria responded.
Results: The surveys revealed a consistent higher usage of nearly all clinical IT systems, especially nursing systems,but also PACS and electronic archiving systems, in Austrian than in German hospitals. These findings correspond with a significantly wider use of standardised nursing terminologies and a higher number of PC workstations on the wards (average 2.1 PCs in Germany, 3.2 PCs in Austria). Despite these differences, Austrian and German hospitals both reported a similar IT budget of 2.6% in Austria and 2.0% in Germany (median).
CONTINUANCE
Background: IT adoption is a process that is influenced by different external and internal factors. This study aimed
1. to identify similarities and differences in the prevalence of medical and nursing IT systems in Austrian and German hospitals, and
2. to match these findings with characteristics of the two countries, in particular their healthcare system, and with features of the hospitals.
Methods: In 2007, all acute care hospitals in both countries received questionnaires with identical questions. 12.4% in Germany and 34.6% in Austria responded.
Results: The surveys revealed a consistent higher usage of nearly all clinical IT systems, especially nursing systems,but also PACS and electronic archiving systems, in Austrian than in German hospitals. These findings correspond with a significantly wider use of standardised nursing terminologies and a higher number of PC workstations on the wards (average 2.1 PCs in Germany, 3.2 PCs in Austria). Despite these differences, Austrian and German hospitals both reported a similar IT budget of 2.6% in Austria and 2.0% in Germany (median).
CONTINUANCE
A Classification of Models for Technology Strategy Formulation
ABSTRACT
The paper reviews and compares models and frameworks discussed in the literature for crafting “technology strategy” at a firm level. Today, technology plays a crucial role in firms’ competitiveness. It needs therefore, like other sources of competition, to be managed based on a strategic point of view. The first and most important step of technology management is to develop a long-term strategic plan whichdetermines firm’s investment priorities and preferences in the field technology development. Different models and frameworks have been developed by practitioners as well as academicians in order to help companies in technology strategy (TS) formulation. But, firms in different sectors with different characteristics may find it difficult to choose the proper model, the most pertinent one to their own situation.
From a process point of view, different models and frameworks discussed in the literature for TS formulation, are evaluated and compared. Based on this evaluation, a classification of models is proposed which helps companies to choose a proper model regarding their specific aim and conditions.
Thursday, June 10, 2010
help autoform-lesson 3
Profile Orientation
Some parts contain „Feature lines“. These typical lines should continue in the addendum
of the tools with the same orientation to ensure a good material flow. This lesson
describes how to adjust or to change the profile orientation in DieDesigner
help autoform-lesson 2
A simple Tool
This lesson describes the complete work flow for the generation of a tool basing on a
fill are introduced in this lesson.
This lesson describes the complete work flow for the generation of a tool basing on a
simple part geometry. Besides the addendum and binder generation as described in
Lesson 1, the functions for mirroring symmetrical parts, the filling of holes and boundaryfill are introduced in this lesson.
Tuesday, June 08, 2010
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